TThe Tim Ferriss Show
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17 August 2022

#615: Dr. Andrew Weil — The 4-7-8 Breath Method, Cannabis, The Uses of Coca Leaf, Rehabilitating Demonized Plants, Kava for Anxiety, Lessons from Wade Davis, The Psychedelic Renaissance, How to Emerge from Depression, Tales from 50+ Visits to Japan, Matcha Benefits, and More

8Frameworks
12Insights

Frameworks in this episode

Insights & moments

The myth-busts, hot takes, explainers, and tools worth keeping.

Myth Buster· 1

Myth Buster09:00

Kava, kratom, and why every conventional sleep aid is a dangerous drug

Tim describes a friend in his seventies who cut back on his evening cocktail after seeing what alcohol did to his Oura-tracked sleep and switched to a supplement containing kratom and kava. Weil explains kava first: the major psychoactive plant of Oceania, the very large root of a plant in the black pepper family with unique chemistry. Socially it functions as a stimulant and lubricant, but pharmacologically it is a natural sedative and calmative — probably, he says, the most important anti-anxiety natural product out there, extremely useful, with essentially no toxicity and no interaction with alcohol or other sedatives. He recommends it very frequently. Asked about sleep quality, he pivots to an unusually flat indictment of conventional aids: all of them, over the counter or prescribed, are dangerous drugs. They do not reproduce natural sleep, they all suppress dreaming which is an essential component of good sleep, they distort sleep architecture, they are addictive, and they interfere with cognitive function. He sees no justification for using them except very short-term for situational insomnia. Kava has none of these ill effects and can be used long term. He is careful about the evidence gap — he does not know that we have good studies on kava and sleep quality — and flags the design flaw in the friend's experiment: he is also taking kratom, a significant agent with sedative and opioid-like effects, so nothing observed can be attributed to either substance alone.

  • Kava is the large root of an Oceanic plant in the black pepper family, functioning socially as a lubricant and pharmacologically as a sedative and calmative.
  • Weil calls it probably the most important anti-anxiety natural product available, with essentially no toxicity and no interaction with alcohol or other sedatives.
  • Conventional sleep aids, over the counter or prescribed, do not reproduce natural sleep, suppress dreaming, distort sleep architecture, are addictive and impair cognition.
  • The only justification Weil grants for them is very short-term use for situational insomnia.
  • Stacking kratom with kava makes the experiment uninterpretable — Weil would want to see kava alone before drawing conclusions.

it is a natural sedative and calmative and probably the most important anti-anxiety natural product out there extremely useful and and essentially no toxicity

Dr. Andrew Weil · 10:30

think are dangerous drugs first of all they don't reproduce natural sleep all of them suppress dreaming which is an essential component of good sleep…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 11:30

but the problem tim is that he's using kratom also which is a significant agent and we really would like to see this with cava…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 12:30
#kava#kratom#sleep-aids#sleep-architecture#anxiety#natural-products

Explainer· 2

Explainer06:30

No good or bad drugs, only good and bad relationships

Asked about the Beneficial Plants Research Association, Weil describes a research foundation he started with a stellar advisory board — Richard Evans Schultes, Albert Hofmann, Alexander Shulgin — to look at plants that had been neglected or unrecognised but could be of great benefit. It started with coca and extended to other stimulants including kava, then relatively unknown. The purpose was to get research going and to teach people about them. It was, in his words, just way ahead of its time, so eventually they folded — and he is now really interested in resurrecting it. That leads him to the theme that has run through his writing for decades: there are no good or bad drugs, there are just good and bad relationships with drugs, and he thinks you can broaden that to plants as well. Coca is the prime example. We have said it is a bad plant, the source of all sorts of trouble, but the problem is how we related to it — taking cocaine out of it and making that available. He extends the list to ephedra, khat, opium poppies and even tobacco: it is our misuses of these that have caused the trouble, not the plants themselves. Tim offers himself as a case, having grown up hating everything related to cigarette smoking and later developing genuine interest in tobacco after reading Johannes Wilbert's dense book on tobacco and shamanism in South America.

  • The Beneficial Plants Research Association had Schultes, Hofmann and Shulgin on its advisory board and folded for being ahead of its time.
  • Weil's decades-long writing theme: there are no good or bad drugs, only good and bad relationships with drugs.
  • He broadens the same logic from drugs to plants, naming ephedra, khat, opium poppies and tobacco alongside coca.
  • The characteristic error is extraction — taking cocaine out of the coca leaf and then blaming the leaf.
  • Tim, who grew up hating smoking, changed his view of tobacco after reading Johannes Wilbert on tobacco and shamanism in South America.

a theme of my writing has been that there are no good or bad drugs there are just good and bad relationships with drugs and…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 07:30

coca being a prime example we've said that is a bad plant you know the source of of all sorts of trouble but the problem…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 08:00

and as i say it was just way ahead of its time so eventually we folded but i'm really interested in resurrecting this

Dr. Andrew Weil · 07:30
#reframing#ethnobotany#demonized-plants#beneficial-plants-research-association#harm-reduction
Explainer32:00

Okinawa: national treasures, choral societies, and the hamburger

Weil first went to Japan in 1959 at seventeen and has been back roughly fifty times, including many visits to Okinawa. Asked what he took from the blue zone, he names the environment briefly — a Pacific paradise with clean water and air, an unbelievably varied diet very different from mainland Japanese food, physical activity — then says what most struck him was the different attitude toward aging. Old people are valued as national treasures and efforts are made to include them in all aspects of social life, in sharp contrast to a Western pattern where we isolate old people with other old people and do not have to deal with them. His sharpest illustration is a story he collected: a common cause of sibling fighting in traditional Okinawan society is over who is going to get to take care of the aging parents. Tim's four or five days in Ogimi corroborate the activity half: everyone gave a different secret, but the old were out in the gardens and in choral societies, and his mid-eighties driver called himself a young whippersnapper while pointing at buildings where the old people just sit inside watching television — that's when it's over. Weil closes with the warning: over his own decades of visiting, Okinawan longevity has plummeted, especially among men, attributed entirely to increasing American fast food consumption.

  • What struck Weil most was not diet or climate but the attitude toward aging — old people valued as national treasures and included in all social life.
  • In traditional Okinawan society a common cause of sibling fighting is over who gets to take care of the aging parents.
  • Tim's Ogimi fieldwork found the old active in gardens and choral societies, with a mid-eighties driver calling himself a young whippersnapper.
  • The local marker for the end of the road is sitting inside watching television.
  • Okinawan longevity has plummeted, especially among men, attributed entirely to increasing consumption of American fast food.

national treasures efforts are made to include them in all aspects of of social life very different from what you see here you know where…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 34:30

one of the stories i collected over there is that a common cause of sibling fighting in traditional okinawan society is over who is going…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 34:30

okinawan longevity has plummeted especially among men

Dr. Andrew Weil · 37:00
#okinawa#blue-zones#longevity#aging#community#diet

Story· 3

Story02:30

Why one of cannabis's earliest advocates stopped using it

Tim notes that Weil was one of the earliest public advocates of cannabis, advised Congress on early cannabis policy, and conducted and published human trials with it — then asks what his current use looks like. The answer is none at all, and none for probably twenty to twenty-five years. Weil narrates the full arc without defensiveness. In his late twenties and early thirties cannabis was a source of great fun and pleasure that really stimulated his creativity and helped him write. It gradually turned into more of an introspective experience. Then somewhere in his late thirties and early forties he really stopped getting useful effects from it and found it just made him groggy and sedated. The part he does not edit out is what came next: he kept using it even though he was not getting any valuable effects, and only finally stopped after that stretch. Today it has no interest for him. Asked what filled the gap for writing, he names two things — matcha green tea and coca leaf — which sets up the coca rehabilitation thread that runs through the next fifteen minutes of the conversation. The segment is a working demonstration of the exit rule he articulates at the very end of the episode, applied to himself decades before he quotes Alan Watts on it.

  • Weil advised Congress on early cannabis policy and published human trials, and has not used cannabis for twenty to twenty-five years.
  • The arc ran from fun, pleasure and stimulated creativity in his late twenties, through a more introspective phase, to grogginess and sedation by his early forties.
  • He names the actual error honestly: he kept using it even after it stopped producing any valuable effects.
  • Matcha green tea and coca leaf are what replaced cannabis as his working tools for writing.
  • The story is the same exit logic he later attributes to Alan Watts, applied long before he cites the line.

yeah i don't use it at all tim and i have not used it for probably 20 25 years

Dr. Andrew Weil · 03:00

and i kept using it even though i wasn't getting any valuable effects and finally stopped

Dr. Andrew Weil · 03:30

one is matcha green tea and the other is coca leaf

Dr. Andrew Weil · 04:00
#cannabis#diminishing-returns#self-experimentation#writing#substance-relationships
Story13:30

Milking Sonoran desert toads with Wade Davis

Tim raises Hamilton Morris's investigation into the first known use of Bufo alvarius, the Sonoran desert toad, which concluded there is no compelling evidence of indigenous use and that the first documented smoking of the crystallized venom was in 1989 by an amateur chemist named Ken Nelson. Weil's response reframes the history: he thinks he is one of the first people to have smoked toad venom, which he did with Wade Davis, and the two of them wrote the first scientific paper about Bufo alvarius — credit he notes they have not much received. They speculated in the paper that indigenous use was possible for various suggestive reasons, but he does not think there is any definitive evidence of it. The chain of transmission he describes is unglamorous: a graduate student published a paper identifying 5-MeO-DMT in the venom, unique among toads; some people read it and got the idea of using it; it spread among hippies in the Southwest. Weil had a property in the desert bordering Saguaro National Park and was surrounded by toads in summer — football-sized eating machines that hopped into the house drawn by his outdoor lights and peed on you the moment you picked them up. He milked the venom and he and Wade Davis smoked it. His scientific interest is precise: this is the first known occurrence of a psychedelic drug from an animal source.

  • Weil believes he was among the first people to smoke toad venom, and with Wade Davis wrote the first scientific paper on Bufo alvarius.
  • They speculated about indigenous use for suggestive reasons but he does not believe definitive evidence exists.
  • The modern practice traces to a graduate student's paper identifying 5-MeO-DMT in the venom, unique among toads, which spread among Southwest hippies.
  • Weil learned it from a hippie friend called White Dog, who also features in Hamilton Morris's work.
  • His stated scientific significance: it is the first known occurrence of a psychedelic drug from an animal source.

well i think i'm one of the first people to have smoked toad venom i did that with wade davis and we wrote the first…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 14:00

and i milked the venom and uh wade davis and i smoked it and amazing because this is the first known occurrence of a psychedelic…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 15:30
#bufo-alvarius#5-meo-dmt#wade-davis#ethnobotany#psychedelic-history
Story16:00

The Harvard course that set the whole career

Weil explains why he is restarting the Beneficial Plants Research Association now: Wade Davis, a graduate student of Richard Evans Schultes and now a well-known anthropologist and ethnobotanist, is also deeply interested in the coca project and works with River Styx. Weil's own connection runs back further — Schultes was his mentor as a Harvard undergraduate and he kept a close association with him at the Harvard Botanical Museum for years. He then tells the origin story directly. In his first year at Harvard he had to choose a major and had no idea what to study because he was interested in too many things. Flipping through the course catalog he came across a course with a strange name, Plants and Human Affairs. To register you had to go to the Harvard Botanical Museum, and walking in he passed the first long-haired man he had ever seen, a proto-hippie, in 1960, probably coming down from the library that held the greatest collection of books on psychoactive plants. The course covered economic botany — food plants, medicinal plants, drug plants — with a weekly laboratory where students made soap and ink, sampled a fruit of the week sent from around the world, and in the drug plants lab tried yoco, an obscure South American stimulant with the highest caffeine percentage of any known plant. Weil calls it the only academic course he ever took in which he learned things of practical value.

  • Richard Evans Schultes was Weil's undergraduate mentor and he stayed associated with him at the Harvard Botanical Museum for years.
  • Weil found the course Plants and Human Affairs by flipping through the catalog with no idea what to major in.
  • Registering meant walking into the Botanical Museum past the first long-haired man he had ever seen, in 1960.
  • The weekly laboratory included making soap and ink, a fruit of the week from around the world, and trying yoco, the highest-caffeine plant known.
  • He calls it the only academic course he ever took in which he learned things of practical value.

so in my first year at harvard i had to choose a major i had no idea what i wanted to study because i was…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 18:30

i think it's the only academic course i ever took in which i learned things of practical value it was fabulous

Dr. Andrew Weil · 20:00
#richard-evans-schultes#harvard#ethnobotany#wade-davis#education

Takeaway· 1

Takeaway48:00

Turning 80 and hanging up the telephone

Weil turned 80 on June 1st of that year. Cognitively he does not feel any different from how he felt in his twenties, but he feels real musculoskeletal changes and thinks his sleep has changed — and treats watching the body's inevitable deterioration as an important thing to look at rather than avoid. Asked about the next five years, he says he does not feel compelled to do anything and does not have the drive he had when he was younger. He does not feel like he wants to write anything else, because he has written everything he has to say. What remains live is narrower and specific: seeing integrative medicine get onto a solid footing and become mainstream, which he thinks it is poised to do, and making up for the travel he lost during the pandemic years, starting with Japan the following month. On psychedelic research he wants less emphasis on mental and emotional health and more on physical medicine — chronic disease, and how people experience their bodies — with autoimmune conditions, IBS and Crohn's top of his list. Then the closing exchange. Asked whether anything is left for him to experience within psychedelics, he recalls that Alan Watts blurbed his first book, The Natural Mind, and that the last line was: when you get the message, hang up the telephone. He feels that way. He thinks he has gotten the message, and does not feel the need to do further experimentation.

  • At 80 Weil feels cognitively unchanged from his twenties but notes real musculoskeletal changes and altered sleep, and treats observing that decline as important work.
  • He does not feel compelled to do anything and does not want to write anything else, because he has written everything he has to say.
  • What remains live: getting integrative medicine onto a solid footing, and making up for lost travel, starting with Japan.
  • He wants psychedelic research to shift from mental and emotional health toward physical medicine and chronic disease, naming autoimmune conditions, IBS and Crohn's.
  • Alan Watts's blurb on The Natural Mind ended with the line he now uses as his own exit rule: when you get the message, hang up the telephone.

i don't feel compelled to do anything i don't have the drive that i did when i was younger like i don't feel like i…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 49:30

and the last line of it was you know when you get the message hang up the telephone

Dr. Andrew Weil · 54:30

and i feel that way i think i've gotten the message about psychedelics i don't feel the need to do further experimentation

Dr. Andrew Weil · 54:30
#aging#alan-watts#sufficiency#integrative-medicine#psychedelic-research

tactic· 2

tactic00:00

The 4-7-8 breath, recapped in full

Tim opens by revisiting the single technique that carried furthest from their first conversation: the 4-7-8 breath Weil learned from the osteopath Dr Robert Fulford. Weil still does it himself several times a day, teaches it to almost everyone he meets, to all the doctors he trains and to patients, and often ends public talks by running the room through it. He recounts being invited out of the blue by the NSA a few years earlier to speak on stress management, with about a thousand people in the room and a telecast to remote sites worldwide, and having them all do the breath together. The protocol itself: breathe quietly in through the nose to a count of four, hold for a count of seven, then forcibly blow the air out through the mouth for a count of eight, repeated for four breath cycles while learning, eventually up to eight cycles but no more than that. The dosing instruction is the part most people drop — do it religiously at least twice a day, with the real effects arriving only after four to six weeks of regular practice. Weil calls it the most powerful method he has found to access the relaxation response and the most powerful anti-anxiety measure he has ever come across. Tim, who had done it earlier that day, describes it as a rapid state change mechanism and admits to feeling neglectful for not using it more often.

  • The ratio is fixed: four in quietly through the nose, seven held, eight forcibly blown out through the mouth.
  • Four breath cycles while learning, up to eight eventually, and Weil states explicitly that you should never exceed eight.
  • The dose is at least twice a day done religiously, with the real effects appearing after four to six weeks of regular practice.
  • Weil calls it the most powerful anti-anxiety measure he has ever come across and the most powerful route he knows to the relaxation response.
  • He demonstrated it live to roughly a thousand NSA staff plus a global telecast, and his YouTube demonstrations have millions of views.

to a count of four hold the breath for a count of seven and then forcibly blow air out through the mouth for a count…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 02:00

and to do this religiously at least twice a day and the real effects come after doing this regularly for oh four to six weeks…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 02:00

it's the most powerful anti-anxiety measure i've ever come across

Dr. Andrew Weil · 02:30
#breathwork#anxiety#relaxation-response#stress-management#daily-practice
tactic30:00

Fifty years of dysthymia and the non-medication protocol that ended it

Tim surfaces Weil's dysthymia — mild to moderate depression — which he lived with for much of his life, emerging only in his early fifties, and asks how. Weil answers with the protocol rather than the narrative, pointing to his book Spontaneous Happiness on managing depression and anxiety by non-medication means while knowing the medication is there if you need it. The stack he lists has four layers. First, physical activity, where he says there is tremendous evidence both as a preventive and as a treatment. Second, supplemental omega-3 fatty acids, taken as fish oil or as fish, again with tremendous evidence. Third, an enormous variety of psychological methods, of which he singles out cognitive therapy as extremely useful. Fourth, spiritual techniques — meditation, mindfulness, or even gratitude — where he cites research showing that keeping a little journal of things to be grateful for and noting them as you go to bed can improve mood with lasting effects for a month. He adds a fifth, environmental layer: moods are contagious, trackable through a population like an infectious disease. Living within half a mile of a happy person you know raises your chances of being happy by a certain percentage, and the effect falls off with distance. So you want to think about who you associate with — and if you are prone to depression, hanging out with depressed people while watching sad movies, reading sad books and listening to sad music will probably worsen it.

  • Weil lived with dysthymia for much of his life and emerged from it only in his early fifties.
  • The protocol is non-medication rather than anti-medication — the drugs stay available if you need them.
  • Physical activity and supplemental omega-3 fatty acids both carry what he calls tremendous evidence.
  • A bedtime journal of things to be grateful for can improve mood with lasting effects for a month.
  • Moods are contagious and trackable like infectious disease, with a measurable happiness effect within half a mile that falls off with distance.

depression anxiety by with non-medication means knowing that the medication is there if you need it but for depression we have tremendous evidence of the…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 30:30

there's very interesting research showing that just the simple act of keeping a little journal of things to be grateful for and making a note…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 31:00

and you can track them through a population just like you can track movements of an infectious disease if you live within a half mile…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 31:30
#dysthymia#depression#omega-3#gratitude#mood-contagion#cognitive-therapy

topic· 3

topic03:30

Rehabilitating the coca leaf after forty years of no movement

Weil has worked for many years to rehabilitate coca and to teach people the differences between coca and cocaine, and says he is delighted that momentum is finally building. The changes are happening in Colombia, in other countries and in the United States, where groups are forming to legalize coca, make it medically available, and educate people on the distinction. One partner he names is the River Styx Foundation, whose director is Cody Swift, and who are interested in funding coca research to document some of the medical benefits. Weil frames this as the first change in attitudes he has seen in some forty-odd years. His argument for access runs on two tracks. Medically, coca is not cocaine — it has distinct effects and unique medical effects, and we should have access to it. Culturally, it is the sacred plant of a great many indigenous peoples in South America and has been thoroughly demonized by American society, which ties its rehabilitation to the broader momentum around indigenous cultures and rights. Tim supplies firsthand evidence from limited exposure: given coca for altitude sickness in South America, his symptoms had all but vanished within forty-five minutes. He also nods to River Styx's work with the Indigenous Peyote Conservation Initiative, which purchased a tract of land in Texas that has become a unifying symbol of hope for Native American groups who historically would not automatically get along.

  • Weil has spent decades teaching the difference between coca and cocaine, and calls the current momentum the first attitude change in some forty years.
  • Groups in Colombia, elsewhere and in the United States are working to legalize coca and make it medically available.
  • Cody Swift's River Styx Foundation is interested in funding coca research to document the medical benefits.
  • Coca is the sacred plant of many indigenous South American peoples, which links its rehabilitation to indigenous rights.
  • Tim's altitude sickness in South America resolved almost entirely within forty-five minutes of being given coca.

i've worked for many years to try to rehabilitate coca to teach people the differences between coca and cocaine

Dr. Andrew Weil · 04:00

it's the first time in in 40 some years that i've seen any change in attitudes up here

Dr. Andrew Weil · 05:00

this is the sacred plant of a great many indigenous people in south america and it has been so demonized by our society

Dr. Andrew Weil · 05:30
#coca#drug-policy#indigenous-rights#ethnobotany#river-styx-foundation
topic22:30

Reporting on Leary and Alpert, and making peace with it

Tim reads from a Crimson piece on Harvard's tentative psychedelic renaissance, which revisits the early-1960s Harvard Psilocybin Project and Timothy Leary — the man Nixon called the most dangerous man in America. Weil was the only Crimson member with a science background, majoring in biology, so he was assigned to cover the controversy. He is careful to credit the early research: Leary and Richard Alpert were the first people to really emphasize set and setting as determinants of drug experiences, and they documented very positive effects of psychedelic experiences on prisoners at Concord Reformatory. Then a cult grew up around them, the faculty got upset, and Weil wrote the stories that contributed to their departure. He made peace with Leary a few years after graduating, and knew Alpert — later Ram Dass — over the years, doing fundraisers after his stroke. At a good meeting in Maui a few years before Ram Dass died, Ram Dass told him he had done him a blessing by forcing him out of Harvard, because otherwise he would not have become Ram Dass. On the current renaissance, Weil says the mainstreaming astonishes him. Everywhere he speaks, whatever the topic, he gets asked about psychedelics. He calls it maybe one of the only good things happening in society, while flagging what worries him: people still using them as party drugs, a medical profession slow to engage, drugs still in Schedule One, too few trained guides, and an awful lot of commercial interests circling.

  • Weil covered the Leary and Alpert controversy for the Crimson because he was the only member with a science background.
  • He credits their early work for emphasising set and setting and for documenting positive effects on prisoners at Concord Reformatory.
  • Ram Dass later told him he had done him a blessing by forcing him out of Harvard, because otherwise he would not have become Ram Dass.
  • Weil finds the mainstreaming astonishing and calls it maybe one of the only good things happening in society.
  • His concerns: recreational-only use, a slow medical profession, Schedule One status, too few trained guides, and commercial interests circling.

they were the first people to really emphasize sentence setting as really important determinants of drug experiences

Dr. Andrew Weil · 24:30

he said that i had done him a blessing by forcing him out of harvard because otherwise he wouldn't have been ramdos

Dr. Andrew Weil · 25:00

there's an awful lot of circling around of commercial interests looking at how they can capitalize on all this

Dr. Andrew Weil · 28:00
#timothy-leary#ram-dass#psychedelic-renaissance#set-and-setting#harvard-psilocybin-project
topic37:30

Matcha, fermented turmeric, and thirty years of being early

On his second day in Japan in November 1959, Weil's host mother took him next door to a neighbour who performed a tea ceremony and presented him with a bowl of matcha. He was completely taken — first by the colour, then by the whisk, then by the taste. From the 1970s he brought matcha back every trip when nobody in the United States had heard of it, partnered with a Japanese company and began selling through his website in the 1980s — again, he says, way ahead of its time. Only when he saw matcha becoming popular did he build the company properly, and on a specific observation: so few people had access to good matcha, because badly prepared or badly stored matcha oxidizes fast given its huge surface area, losing the bright green colour and turning bitter. The health case rests on matcha being the only form of tea where the whole leaf is consumed — which Tim correctly notes raises the stakes on pesticide sourcing — and on it having the highest levels of antioxidants and of l-theanine, the calming amino acid that takes the jittery edge off caffeine. The mechanism is agronomic: about three weeks before harvest the plants are heavily shaded, cutting seventy to eighty percent of sunlight, so leaves grow bigger and thinner and produce more antioxidants and l-theanine. The fermented turmeric tea he found ubiquitous in Okinawa, first imported ready-to-drink and also way ahead of its time, now ships as a powder.

  • Weil fell in love with matcha at a tea ceremony on his second day in Japan in 1959, before knowing anything about its health benefits.
  • He sold matcha through his website in the 1980s and calls that attempt, like the Beneficial Plants association, way ahead of its time.
  • He relaunched not because matcha got popular but because so few people had access to good matcha, which oxidizes fast and turns bitter.
  • Matcha is the only form of tea in which the whole leaf is consumed, which makes sourcing and pesticide load far more consequential.
  • Three weeks of heavy shading before harvest cuts seventy to eighty percent of sunlight and drives up antioxidants, l-theanine and chlorophyll.

again like the beneficial plant association way ahead of its time this was in the 1980s

Dr. Andrew Weil · 39:30

so when i had the chance when i saw matcha becoming popular here it bothered me that so few people had access to good matcha

Dr. Andrew Weil · 40:00

about three weeks before harvest the plants are heavily shaded with shade cloth that cuts out about seventy eighty percent of the sunlight and in…

Dr. Andrew Weil · 43:00
#matcha#l-theanine#turmeric#timing#sourcing#green-tea